Format the Reference List
The reference page provides information about the resources used in your paper. Except for a few exceptions (classical works and personal communications, etc.), any source cited in your paper must have an entry in the reference list.
To format the reference page of the paper:
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Center the word References at the top of the page.
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Place your references in alphabetical order
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Select all of the references and set them to be double spaced and have a hanging indent.
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APA Style Reference ExamplesMore than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations. Look for the type of work (e.g., journal article, webpage) to determine the format.
APA 7 Reference Examples
Note: Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line (hanging indent).
Whole Book
Rabinowitz, F. E. (2019). Deepening group psychotherapy with men: Stories and insights for the journey. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000132-000
Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.
- Parenthetical citations: (Rabinowitz, 2019; Sapolsky, 2017)
- Narrative citations: Rabinowitz (2019) and Sapolsky (2017)
Edited Book Chapter
Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016
- Parenthetical citation: (Aron et al., 2019)
- Narrative citation: Aron et al. (2019)
Note: Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line (hanging indent).
Journal Article
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
- Parenthetical citations: (Grady et al., 2019)
- Narrative citations: Grady et al. (2019)
Note: If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes works of limited circulation or original, proprietary content, such as UpToDate.
Magazine Article
Schaefer, N. K., & Shapiro, B. (2019, September 6). New middle chapter in the story of human evolution. Science, 365(6457), 981–982. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3550
Schulman, M. (2019, September 9). Superfans: A love story. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/16/superfans-a-love-story
- Parenthetical citations: (Schaefer & Shapiro, 2019; Schulman, 2019)
- Narrative citations: Schaefer and Shapiro (2019) and Schulman (2019)
Newspaper Article
Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html
- Parenthetical citation: (Carey, 2019)
- Narrative citation: Carey (2019)
Note: Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line (hanging indent).
Webpage on a Website
Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved September 17, 2019, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view
National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml
Woodyatt, A. (2019, September 10). Daytime naps once or twice a week may be linked to a healthy heart, researchers say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/10/health/nap-heart-health-wellness-intl-scli/index.html
World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
- Parenthetical citations: (Fagan, 2019; National Institute of Mental Health, 2018; Woodyatt, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018)
- Narrative citations: Fagan (2019), National Institute of Mental Health (2018), Woodyatt (2019), and World Health Organization (2018)
Note: Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line (hanging indent).
YouTube Video
Harvard University. (2019, August 28). Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs
- Parenthetical citation: (Harvard University, 2019)
- Narrative citation: Harvard University (2019)
Government Report
National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pd
- Parenthetical citation: (National Cancer Institute, 2019)
- Narrative citation: National Cancer Institute (2019)
Reference List
Reference type |
Format |
Example |
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Journal article |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy |
Freeman, R., Doughty, J., Macdonald, M. E., & Muirhead, V. (2020). Inclusion oral health: Advancing a theoretical framework for policy, research and practice. Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology, 48(1), 1–6. https://doi-org.suscorp.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/cdoe.12500 |
Article in a Newspaper |
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pages. |
Rodell, B. (2020, January 15). Looking toward a new era of Australian cuisine. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/dining/australian-food-restaurants.html |
Book |
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. |
Montalvan, L. C. (2017). Tuesday's promise: One veteran, one dog, and their bold quest to change lives. Hachette Books. |
Edited book chapter |
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. |
Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016 |
Webpage (authors not listed) |
Title of page. (Year, Month Day). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL |
Programming language. (2020, February 15). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 18, 2020 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language |
Webpage (authors are the same as the site name) |
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site name. URL |
Price, D. (2020, February 13). How Charles Dickens presaged the rise of true crime podcasts. CrimeReads. https://crimereads.com/how-charles-dickens-presaged-the-rise-of-true-crime-podcasts/ |
Note: Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line (hanging indent).