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APA 7: FAQs

Common References at a Glance

Examples are not double-spaced, but your References list should be double-spaced

Examples do not show indented lines after the first line, but yours should be indented

Articles

General format for articles:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

  • Electronic Journal: McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

  • Newspaper: Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-reach-to-alien-life-psychologists-have-some-predictions

  • Magazine: Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Books

General Format for Books: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name.

Edited Book: Editor, A. A. (Ed.) (Year). Book title. Publisher.

  • Whole Book: Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist Therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
  • Chapter in an Edited Book: Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsible cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed. pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/1037/0000119-012

Electronic Books (e-books)

General Format: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. URL

  • Smith, J. J. (2010). A prophet's tale. https://doi.org/10.10.36/007142363X

Websites

General format: Author. (Date). Title. Site Name. URL

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm

Artificial Inteligence (AI)

Guideline: https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt

General format:  Author. (Date).Title (Month Day version) [Additional Descriptions ]. Source

Author: The author of the model. 

Date: The year of the AI version. 

Title: The name of the model.The version number is included after the title in parentheses. 

Bracketed text: References for additional descriptions

Source: When the publisher and author names are identical, omit the publisher name in the source element of the reference and proceed directly to the URL.

APA reference entry: OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Feb 13 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com

APA in-text citation: (OpenAI, 2023)

 

Examples:

Example 1 from APA Guideline

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

Reference

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

 

Example 2 from APA Guideline

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Reference

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

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